@Sythe I agree with you in 750 words.
When a person has 'copyright' in a work, this means that they have the
exclusive rights to that work (whatever those rights may be under law). Copyright infringement occurs when a third-party infringes on the copyright owner's
exclusive rights. Accordingly, if Bogla is arguing that there has been copyright infringement, he must first show that he has 'copyright' in the work, such that he has exclusive rights which can be infringed. A person has 'copyright' in a work when they are its owner. Who is the owner in this case?
There is an important distinction to be made between who is the
author of the work, and who is the
owner. For the most part the default position is that the author of the work is its
first owner. There are three possibilities as to who is the author:
- Sole Author (Quid);
- Joint Authors (Quid & iHQ, etc)
- Orphan Work (this means there is no readily identifiable author.
Although I know iHQ argues he was part of the creation, for the present, I will assume that Quid the sole author. This means, as the author, Quid is,
by default, the owner of the copyright. This is why Bogla bears the burden of proof in showing that he owns the copyright (because by default, he does not own it, the author does: Quid). There are two main mechanisms Bogla may do this by:
- Bogla can argue that Quid was his employee (as opposed to an independent contractor); or
- Bogla can argue that, pursuant to a contract, the rights/ownership of the copyright was assigned (read given) to Bogla on its creation.
I am not going to deal with the employee point - I very much suspect Quid was not an employee. The second point requires an agreement of some sort - a contract. If there is no satisfactory agreement, then the default position wins: Quid, the author, owns the copyright.
I am assuming there is no acceptable contract/explicit agreement, what about an implied one as
@MadDev suggested. In the absence of an agreement, the commissioner of the work (Bogla)
may get an
implied license to use the work for the purpose in which it was commissioned. Bogla would NOT get ownership of the work. This is how strict copyright is - it is a hurdle to argue you have an implied license, let alone arguing you own the work outright in the absence of an agreement/contract! I agree with what Sythe has said, and our analysis has lead to the same point: to know what rights and privileges Bogla has, we need information about what was agreed upon. In the absence of that information, the
default position applies. Again, that is why Bogla bears the burden of proving he owns the copyright.
As for iHQ. Assuming Quid was the sole author of the work, if iHQ used his code (without a license/permission), then iHQ would be infringing on Quid's copyright. Bogla would not be a relevant party to this infringement. This
screenshot suggests that Quid (assuming he is the owner of the copyright) probably wouldn't care that iHQ is using it, or has been using it. This presumed authorization essentially gets iHQ off the hook. If iHQ was a joint author, then this would not be a problem in the first instance (unless Bogla owned the copyright pursuant to a contract/agreement).
Now I know a lot of you are thinking this is Sythe.org not a country. Nevertheless, at law, in the countries that I know of, Bogla would be placed in the same situation as he is now: he needs to show evidence of an agreement. However, given that we are a website, I don't think we can expect an air-tight contract with hundreds of clauses. We can use our discretion however, to determine what facts amount to an acceptable level of agreement between Bogla and Quid for Bogla to own the copyright - it wouldn't have to be signed and in writing for example (that would be too strict), as it the requirement in Australia. What level of agreement I'm not sure of, and it is something we can all weigh in on. However, at present we don't know what was agreed upon between Bogla and Quid. So accordingly,
@Bogla please post any screenshots, chats, etc, of all correspondence you had with Quid regarding the creation of the website for you.