"The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of existence"; the first sentence of wikipedia. I mean, what is the scientific definition of the universe? If we asked what created 99% of existence (not the totality), the question would be virtually meaningless in my opinion; the answer would most likely be the other 1%!
Sorry, I probably should've put the scientific definition. It's the first result on Google:
"All existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. The universe is believed to be at least 10 billion light years in diameter and contains a vast number of galaxies; it has been expanding since its creation in the Big Bang about 13 billion years ago."
Notice the term "creation". Apparently, Wikipedia discusses 3 different definitions of the universe (as reality, connected space-time, and observable reality), so it is indeed a tricky word to define!
Also, from Wikipedia:
"There are various multiverse hypotheses, in which physicists have suggested that the Universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist."
These physicists are postulating that there are multiple universes. Under your definition of universe, that's complete nonsense - multiple universes are just one universe! However, they're probably referring to the scientific definition.
Right, but I didn't intend existence to be defined as a property, but rather the things that exist, and the totality of them at that.
Like I said, I didn't intend for it to be considered a property.
Perhaps, but I'm not referring to existence as a property here.
Ah, to be honest it sounded like something I read from Ayn Rand once. Not so sure though, so don't hold me for it!
Like I said, a thing cannot create existence (not existence the property!). Imagine a thing is a unit. Imagine the totality of existence is 1 million units. The totality of existence can also be regarded as 500,000 units as well, and 100,000, and even 1, it is merely the total sum of all of the things that exist. So, with that definition in mind, if a thing exists, then the totality of existence exists, and the universe under that definition exists. And so thus in order to not have the totality of all existence, you must have no things, and thus no existence, aka non-existence.
So, a thing creating the totality of all existence is illogical because by virtue of existing as a thing, the totality has already existed. Going one less, and you would have no thing, and I simply don't think non-existence can create existence (the totality).
Okay, let's delve deeper into totality of existence. Let's assume we have 100 Joules of energy - this is the totality of existence. This cannot change, correct? At the most basic unit, everything is energy. 50 Joules of this energy constitute a God. This God, with the other 50 Joules, creates planets, stars, humans, etc.
This is how, I believe, people are arguing for it when they say God "created" the universe. I don't believe "created" refers to bringing something out of nothing - rather, it's alluding to the every day term of creation, such as when I make an apple pie out of flour, eggs, sugar, and apples!
"Creation" refers to the whole - not the constituents. When I say I made an apple pie, I'm not arguing that I made the apples, the atoms in the flour, the sugar molecules, etc. But I indeed did create an apple pie - in fact, without my intervention, if you were to bring the flour, eggs, sugar, and apples, you would not have an apple pie.
This is how I believe people are arguing for (or at least, should be arguing for) God creating all that "exists". "Existence" does not refer to the constituents, which are, in the end, energy, but the whole object instead - planets, stars, humans, etc. This is why I prefer to use the term "designed". Without a God, people would argue that these objects would not exist anymore. Sure, their constituents would exist, but constituents do not equal the whole (emergent property).
Interestingly, from a pantheistic point of view, some people would actually argue God is everywhere - we're a part of God, and God is the totality of existence (100 Joules of energy, in the example above). I think even Hegel would believe this to be true - but he was "crazy", right?! Some people do indeed claim that God is all of the energy in the universe.
However, to say God created the totality of existence is basically like saying God created Himself - something which indeed is illogical. But I don't think people would argue for that. They'd argue that God was just always there, and created (I'd prefer to say designed, since the materials are already there) other objects of existence, expanding upon the
essence of the totality of existence.
Now this does leave us in a tricky scenario. Because to say something created the totality of existence is a contradiction, so we must disregard thus if we are to continue our subscription to logic. If we also say that non-existence cannot create existence, then it really only leaves us with one option. Existence was not created. All that exists, was not created, it simply existed. Funnily enough, this is consistent with the law of conservation of mass, energy, etc., it is also not legitimate to say that we cannot fathom that possibility being true therefore it is wrong (would be an argument from incredulity).
I agree - something always existed. But again, this is irrelevant to actually disproving God (or Flying Spaghetti Monster) - as one can give the simple example I gave above with the 100 Joules of energy, where a God could be compatible. You can doubt it with Occam's razor (which is actually subjective, if we're dealing with the quality of the claim), but I'm sure you'd agree that Occam's razor doesn't say anything towards the truth of a statement - perhaps just the probability.