For example: My brother botted about 15 minutes at Goblins and received a permanent ban. I botted at Edgeville Monks for well over a week and only received a 2 day ban.
Jagex consider 2 day bans as "Moderate Macroing" and permanent as "Major Macroing".
If you're asking how long a ban lasts for, you can log into your account via the RS homepage and see your ban rate, reason, and when it will be lifted.
Typically for botting you get a 2 day temp ban the first time, and then a perm ban the second time.