From my personal experience, I found that playing competitive mode is the best way of actually learning how to play. Yes, deathmatches help to learn how different weapons work, but chances are you'll just keep dying as someone will spawn from behind. You also learn to shoot on sight and if you're looking for the best experience and looking forward to playing seriously, shooting on sight is not always right.
First important step is to learn the map and basic map call-outs. Nothing hard, just areas that mark basic locations, such as: Middle, Short, Long, Outside/Inside and A/B site. It is such a simple thing, yet many people seem to learn this last, thus suffer while having little understanding of what their team is doing or where they are planning on going.
Second important step is to learn specific weapons. Snipers are only good for long rage and only are worth if you know how to aim, which automatically should be skipt if you're new to the game. You'll have time to learn how to use that wepaon later. There are a lot of debate about how new players should instantly get AK's or M4's and learn how to use that, but that isn't quite right, as those wepaons requier aim before spray. Yes, they are powerful and will get a kill in 1 - 2 hits, but you'll find yourself dying way more times. People laugh at weapons such as P90, but the truth is, you get to spray 50 bullets and most of them will hit at close range. Thus you don't need to worry about aiming too much. However, once you actually get a good feel for the aim (finding yourself aiming more and more better at enemies while spraying, then you can try using rifles which you'll find giving much better results as you'll find yourself hitting the target better and more accurate. After you learn that, you can try using snipers. Same idea here, you'll have a better aim and you'll find snipers much more easier to use.
Third important step is to get a feel for the game. Once you learn the map and your preferred weapons in specific locations, you'll be able to act at your best in most situations while avoiding the worst. That is when you'll unwillingly start to get a sense of the game. With map knowledge, team call-outs and your learned skills of specific weapons, you'll start expecting enemys while holding good corners, or clockwise expect enemies to hold corners while pushing. That is where your style of game will really start appearing and from then on you'll be learning other advanced tactics while sharping your already learned skills.
All in all, looking at the guids is a good idea when you have specific questions, but for a general learning path there's no better way of learning than jumping in and trying everything yourself. It's important to understand that no matter what, you'll keep meeting people who are better than you. But the more you play, the more people you'll meet who will be worse than you, tho in truth it's not them being worse, it's just you getting better. Hope this will help to any new player passing by!