Chemistry: Overview

[Graham]

Chemistry: Overview
This guide will be a brief review of chemistry, and it will provide answers to the questions which are posed. We will put forth examples, with questions, then give answers and decipher how we can to those answers.

Metals & Nonmetals

• Metals are located to the left of the bolded line show in the image above. They are the majority of the elements of the periodic table.

• Nonmetals are located to the right of the bolded line, which are the minority of the periodic table.

• Metalloids can be located along the bolded line in the image above. There are a total of seven metalloids. In the above image they are marked with their corresponding numbers.

1. Boron (B)
2. Silicon (Si)
3. Germanium (Ge)
4. Arsenic (As)
5. Antimony (Sb)
6. Tellurium (Te)
7. Polonium (Po)

Electro-negativity and Ionization Energy

• Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons and eventually form a covalent bond.

In reference to the image above read the examples which are quoted below.

Which element has a greater tendency to attract an electron; Florine or Nitrogen?
This sample is easily computed. All you have to do is refer to the reference tables or the segment which I posted above and you will see that fluorine's value is 4.0 and nitrogen's value is 3.0, thus the correct answer is fluorine.

• Ionization Energy is the amount of energy which is needed to lose the outer most electron in an atom.

Example

Does helium or neon have a greater tendency to lose it's outer most electron?
You must refer to the segment above and you will see that helium's value is 2,372 and neon's value is 2,081, thus the correct answer is helium.

Breaking Down an Element

• For this category we will be using the element sulfur.

• A. The atomic mass can be found in the upper left hand corner of the image above. In this case that number is 32.06. The atomic mass number is equal to the amount of protons and neutrons in the neutral state of an atom.

• B. In the upper left hand corner you will notice a number with a - or + or in some cases multiple numbers. These numbers are known as the oxidation states of the element. In this case we are presented with the numbers -2, +4, and +6. Oxidation numbers basically represent the total or + or - charges which exist on an atom.

• C. In the bottom left hand corner you will locate the configuration number of the electrons. In this case the number is 2-8-6. This number shows us the arrangement or placement of electrons in an atom and how they are comprised. Electrons lay on orbitals and each section represents a new orbital. For instance, 2 lies on it's own orbital. Next, 8 lies on an entirely separate orbital.

• D. Above the electron configuration you will see the atomic number, make sure you don't get this confused with the atomic mass. This number represents the amount of protons which are located in the nucleus of an atom. If you add up the numbers in the electron configuration you will see that they accumulate to the atomic number.

I will continue to add to this as I see fit.

 

[whoareyou47]

Very good start, you should move onto ions (cations and anions) next and chemical bonding.

 

[Graham]

Very good start, you should move onto ions (cations and anions) next and chemical bonding.

Thanks, I was thinking that since chemistry is very broad, as I stated, I could add to the guide whenever someone suggested a topic that I am familiar with. I can move into ions but I'd rather start with something more simple and then work my way deeper into topics.

 

[OldFinn]

Atomic structure and types of bonding.

 

[M_A_I_N_FTW]

any one here good with ap chemistry?

equilibrium please

 

[vgea]

the only thing I dont get is that hard ass pressure/tempature thing.

 

[Acidman]

any one here good with ap chemistry?

equilibrium please

What do you need to know?

 

[bl00dknight]

nice guide???